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Lesson 2: Calls, Puts, and Moneyness

Promise: Know what a call and put actually pay, and say ITM/ATM/OTM instantly.

Quick Recap

In Lesson 1 you learned that an option is a contract with 5 parameters: underlying, strike, expiry, type, and size. You pay a premium upfront for a conditional payout at expiry.

Calls vs Puts

Call Option

Bullish

  • You think price is going UP
  • Bet that price will be ABOVE the strike
  • The higher it goes, the more you make

Put Option

Bearish

  • You think price is going DOWN
  • Bet that price will be BELOW the strike
  • The lower it goes, the more you make

The strike is the price level you're betting on. If you buy a $100k call, you're betting BTC will be above $100k at expiry. If you buy a $100k put, you're betting it'll be below.

Spot Price (S)$103k
$70k$130k
Strike (K) = $100k
CallITM
$3k
020K
S - K = 103 - 100 = 3
PutOTM
$0k
020K
K ≤ S → payoff = 0
💡

Call = bullish. Put = bearish. Strike = the line in the sand.

Notice how the diagram labels your position "ITM" or "OTM" depending on where spot is relative to strike? That's called moneyness, and it's worth understanding properly.

Moneyness

Moneyness describes whether an option would pay out if it expired right now.

TermMeaning
ITM (In-the-Money)Would pay out if expired now
ATM (At-the-Money)Strike ≈ current price
OTM (Out-of-the-Money)Would expire worthless now
Spot Price$100
$70$130
Strike: $100 - hover over the chart to move spot price
OTMITMITMOTMCALLPUT$70$85$100$115$130STRIKESPOT $100
Call Option
ATM
At the strike
Put Option
ATM
At the strike
Condition
Call
Put
Spot > Strike
ITM
OTM
Spot ≈ Strike
ATM
ATM
Spot < Strike
OTM
ITM

Example: BTC at $100,000

Strike
Call Status
Put Status
$90,000
ITM
OTM
$100,000
ATM
ATM
$110,000
OTM
ITM

Test your understanding before moving on.

Q: You're bullish on ETH. Call or put?
Q: BTC is $100k. Is a $90k call ITM or OTM?
Q: BTC is $100k. Is a $110k put ITM or OTM?

💡 Tip: Try answering each question yourself before revealing the answer.

See Also

Navigation: ← Lesson 1: What is an Option? | Lesson 3: Payoff vs P&L →